A solution of glucose and common slat in appropriate quantities is called glucose saline. It is given orally or injected through the blood to provide direct food for cells when a person is sick, dehydrated or suffering from dysentery for quick recovery of the patient.
Syrups or tonics are highly concentrated solutions of sugar
with desired flavours and appropriate medicines to provide quick relief to
patients, especially children.
Common salt
Common salt is sodium chloride and is used as a food preservative
and in the manufacture of chemicals like baking soda, washing soda,
hydrochloric acid, caustic soda and chlorine.
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride in water
and used as a laboratory reagent, cleaning agent, and tinning industry for cleaning
metals and preparation of silver chloride etc.,
Fertilizers
Fertilizers are chemicals added to the soil to make up for the
deficiency of nutrients. Manure, a natural fertilizer is obtained by mixing
excreta of livestock or human beings with straw and burying them in deep pits for a
couple of months to decompose.
Urea, calcium nitrate, and ammonium sulphate are nitrogenous
fertilizers to make the soil rich in nitrogen. Superphosphate of lime and
triammonium phosphate provide phosphorus to the soil. Potassium salts like
potassium chloride, potassium sulphate and potassium nitrate enrich potassium
in the soil.
Hydrated copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O) is called
blue vitriol. It is used as a pesticide and sprayed over grape vines or fruit
trees to kill the insects.
Cement
Cement is a greenish-grey powder manufactured from limestone, clay and gypsum. When mixed with water, it sets to form a hard rock-like
mass. It is used in the construction of buildings, bridges, railway sleepers and
electric poles.
Glass
Glass is an amorphous and transparent mixture of silicates of
calcium and sodium. Different glasses are made by mixing potassium, lead or
aluminium compounds for specific applications like withstanding high
temperatures, laboratory glassware and spectacles etc.,
Polymers
Polymers contain molecules of the same substance called
monomers joined together to form a long chain of large molecules. For example,
ethylene units combine together to form a polymer, polyethene or polythene.
Polymers have superior properties than monomers and have a wide variety of
applications. Plastics are examples of polymers.
Soaps
Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acids prepared by
the action of caustic soda or caustic potash with vegetable oils. They do not
give lather in hard water and a lot of soap is wasted. To prevent this synthetic
detergents like sodium lauryl sulphate are developed.
Paints
Paints are used for protective and better-looking purposes
and are coated on wooden, and iron objects and buildings.
Medicines
Medicines are used from extracts of plants in the early days.
Pencillin terramycin, and sulpha drugs are a few examples of new medicines developed.