Will temperatures increase in the future or will there be a freezing period? - Time is a cycle

People flying from England to America often see a spectacular sight from the plane below. A white iceberg, like a line torn in the middle of the ocean, can be seen as far as the eye can see from south to north.

This is none other than the cold Labrador Current in the ocean, carrying large amounts of ice and trying to enter the Atlantic Ocean. The place where these two currents meet near the shores of Newfoundland is what looks like an iceberg edge. There, the sun, the ice that reflects it and reflects it back, and the temperature differences in the ocean interact.

These three factors are responsible for the world's climate change. Even now, it may be changing very rapidly. Scientists are worried that the global temperature will gradually decrease and we are heading towards an ice age.

Some scientists deny this and fear that the atmosphere is heating up irreversibly and that our factories, vehicles, outdoor smoke, and deforestation are contributing to it. The fate of countries and peoples will depend on how the climate will be in the future.

Modern science is trying to predict future climate conditions by collecting data using satellites and computers. The average global temperature has decreased by 0.33 degrees in the last 50 years.

We cannot ignore this, and many important consequences have occurred due to this. Between 1950 and 1966, the agricultural season in England was shortened by ten days. Summer snowfall in the Midwest of America has destroyed crops.

Glaciers that had not arrived for 40 years have reached the coasts of Iceland. Scandinavian glaciers in Alaska have also slowed down. Some glaciers have stopped retreating and are starting to advance.

Since the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing. As a result, the heat entering the atmosphere cannot escape, and the temperature of the Earth increases.

At the same time, the amount of dust in the atmosphere has also increased. Some scientists believe that they block the sun and reduce the temperature of the Earth.

The Untold History of the Ice Age

In the past 1 billion years, at least four ice ages have occurred, covering large parts of the world with ice. The fourth ice age is still ongoing. Meteorologists estimate that during most of those 1 billion years, the average temperature on Earth was about 22 degrees Celsius.

Even the Polar Regions did not have much ice, but today the average temperature on Earth is about 15°. The sea is frozen to a depth of three miles at the South Pole and Greenland. Much of the Arctic Ocean remains frozen all year round. 600 million years ago, glaciers covered much of the Earth's land surface.

After that, the temperature rose slightly, but there were severe cold and snowfalls every 250 million years. The depth of the oceans decreased and a large part of the land became swampy.

About 50 million years ago, the temperature of the earth decreased and ice sheets appeared. Since then, the temperature has risen slightly every 100,000 years and lasted for about 10,000 years. After that, the cold again only 6,000 years ago, when Canada was freed from the grip of the ice sheets.

Experts are researching the reason for this alternating cold and heat every 250 million years. After the ice sheets disappeared in large parts of the world ten thousand years ago, human civilization developed.

Eight thousand years ago, the average temperature in the northern part of the earth was one to one degree higher than it is today. It was during this warm period that people from the Nile Valley to the Persian Gulf learned to farm, live in communities, domesticate animals, sailboats, and write.

 From 3000 to 2200 BC, temperatures rose and humidity decreased. Arabia and northern Africa, where vegetation had flourished, became deserts. After 2000 BC, temperatures dropped and humidity increased. Greece and Rome flourished from 500 BC to 400 AD. Then, drought and temperatures rose again, and forests and grasslands disappeared from Lebanon to Galilee.

Winter came again. In the winter of 1422–23, the Baltic Sea froze over completely. From 1400 to 1850, a cold period called the Little Ice Age lasted. From the mid-19th century, temperatures rose again, and the northern temperate regions became hotter.

The century from 1875 to 1975 was the warmest century of the past 4,000 years. It is worth noting that industrialization also began during this period. The world's population more than doubled, and agricultural land and fishing grounds expanded to meet its food needs.

In Canada, wheat cultivation expanded 150 kilometres north. Scientists say that this period was unusually warm and beneficial to people. Its long-term climate patterns are determined by the way energy flows in different parts of the rotating Earth. The sun increases the energy for this energy flow.

Clouds, ice sheets, oceans, and light-coloured surfaces reflect the sun's rays back into space. Many other objects convert the sun's rays into infrared heat rays. In the long term, the amount of heat reaching the earth should be equal, and any decrease in any of these is dangerous.

 In 1920, a Yugoslav astronomer named Milankovitch discovered that the amount of sunlight on the earth varies due to the change in the earth's orbit around the sun, its axial tilt, and its axial rotation. He also found that there are fluctuations in them every 95,000 years. Recently, American and British scientists have discovered that there is a cyclical change in the earth's orbit every million years and that an ice age occurs every million years due to this.

 Scientists have found many clues to determine events that happened in the atmosphere and on the earth in the past. Past climate changes can be inferred from the size of layers of soil that are deposited by wind from the poles or deserts, and from the size of clay layers that form when swamps dry up.

Fossils of pollen grains have been found in clay deposits and in the sedimentary layers beneath lakes. They give us information about what kinds of plants grew where and when. Annual rings found on the base of trees show what kind of weather prevailed each year over the past several centuries.

Traces of erosion and rock piles left by glaciers in valleys provide information about the movement of glaciers. By drilling into ice sheets taking samples from different depths and examining them, we can find out the amount of snow that fell each year, the ratio of gases from the air, and the temperatures.

When the oceans warm, water evaporates more, and that water goes to the poles and falls as ice, increasing the amount in the polar ice sheets. At that time, more of the sun is sent back into space, lowering the Earth's temperature.

As evaporation decreases again, the ice sheets shrink, and the Earth's temperature rises. Dust from volcanic eruptions can block the sun, causing cooling and initiating an ice age. During the Ice Age, the weight of the ice sheets on the Earth's surface pressed down on the ground, triggering volcanic eruptions.

When volcanoes erupt, a path is carved out in the Earth, and the continents move due to the turbulence in its interior. This blocks the airflow in the ocean and air. More research needs to be done to be able to say for sure which of these ideas is right and which is wrong.

As if the play of these great forces is not enough, man is also polluting the air and sea, causing unpredictable consequences over time. Every person should realize and act that all of these things, which are found to be environmentally unfriendly, are leading human society on the path of destruction.

We cannot conclude that the world will be affected by excessive heat in the future as we think. At the same time, we cannot think that we will have to live in a freezing period. Nature and humans must make this decision together.