The invention of the junction transistor has changed great revolution
in the electronics world. The bipolar transistor was invented by Shockley in the
year of 1950. Transistors and all semiconductor devices have many advantages, so the electronics world is growing with semiconductors. Transistors are very small, have less weight, not affected by shock and vibration.
The transistor has three terminals which are collector, base and
emitter. The structure of the transistor is P-N-P, consisting of N- region and
sandwiched between P regions. The terminals are used for three different
functions. The emitter is used to emit holes or electrons, the collector is
used to collect the holes or electrons, and the base is used to support the emitter
and collector.
The input characteristics of transistors are about 0.4 V to
0.5 V it also depends upon their construction. The saturation voltage is
about 0.7V to 0.8V. When above 0.8V maybe rise to high values so that the
transistors may get destroyed. The output characteristics of transistors are
holes arriving at the collector are pulled out of the collector by the positive
of the battery to produce the collector current. We can find both characteristics
of the transistor from the plot.
The whole electronic device must have transistors because transistors play a vital role in electronic devices. After the invention of
transistors, the integrated circuit developed.
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technology